The American Constitution and Religion by Conrad Moehlman (paperback) 1938

Description: The history of church-state relations in the area of the United States is clearly divisible into five periods with the sixth period recently emerging. The cuts are made at 1776, 1791, 1837, 1876, and 1930. During the long colonial period ending with the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the settlers from England and Europe were adjusting themselves to the new conditions of life in the western hemisphere. Their thinking was largely of the English-European pattern. The new political and religious ideas of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were being imported to America. The toleration enunciated in the settlement of Westphalia, 1648, and in the much more important English Act of Toleration, 1689, was somewhat realized in the new land. To the outbreak of the Revolutionary War, Roman Catholics were not in great favor and their number and social standing not of the kind to enable the Catholic church to play a determining role in the development of American religious life. More than ninety-nine per cent. of the population in the area of the United States was non-Catholic. Of the 22,000 Roman Catholics in the population, some 15,000 were living in Maryland. The majority of the remainder dwelt in Pennsylvania, with Philadelphia as the American Catholic metropolis. New England with the exception of dissenters in Rhode Island was solidly Congregational. Moreover the Baptists were using the Westminster and Savoy faith summaries, making them Congregational except in the matters of baptism and possibly religious freedom. The South was Anglican, although its Anglicanism was of a loose texture. In the Middle Colonies, religious syncretism was on. Here Anglicans, Congregationalists, Reformed, Lutherans, Baptists, Presbyterians, Friends, Mennonites, Moravians, and toward the very end of the colonial period Methodists and Shakers were rubbing against each other all the time and especially during revival movements.The second period in the history of church-state relations in the United States began with the Virginia Declaration of...(from preface)

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